![]() ![]() This biological activity ranges from antioxidant, antihypertensive, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial activity as demonstrated by several studies using different fish species like Pollack, skate, Nile tilapia, sea beam, yellow fish, and skipjack (Chalamaiah et al. 2017).īiological activity of peptides is based on their amino acid composition and sequence (Pihlanto-Leppälä 2000). Thus, reducing pollution and economic cost associated with treating the generated waste (Fang et al. This not only would increase the economic value of the catch but also would reduce the amount of marine processing waste. Therefore, the utilization of fish processing waste through bioconversion into high-grade products like bioactive peptides would be a better alternative. By so doing this increases production costs (Chalamaiah et al. Fish by-products like skin and frame need to be processed into fish hydrolysates either by fermentation or by hydrolysis techniques before they can be effectively utilized. These by-products are utilized as additives in animal husbandry as animal feed or in agriculture as fertilizers (Chalamaiah et al. By-products of marine processing industries, i.e., skin, trimmings, viscera, and blood, contain a good amount of proteins which can be used as a source for bioactive peptides. The marine environment is a source of functional biomaterials such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polysaccharides, minerals and vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes, and bioactive peptides (Kim and Wijesekara 2010 Kim et al. The peptide-specific composition and sequence discussed in this review can be potentially utilized in the development of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. Fish skin-derived peptides contain a high content of hydrophobic amino acids which contribute to the antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity. Small peptides have been demonstrated to possess biological activities which are based on their amino acid composition and sequence. Fish skin acts as a physical barrier and chemical barrier through antimicrobial peptide innate immune action and other functional peptides. ![]() ![]() Bioactivity of peptides purified from fish skin includes a range of activities such as antihypertensive, anti-oxidative, antimicrobial, neuroprotection, antihyperglycemic, and anti-aging. Fish skin is an abundant supply of gelatin and collagen which can be hydrolyzed to produce bioactive peptides of 2–20 amino acid sequences. Utilization of fish skin by bioconversion into high-grade products would potentially reduce pollution and economic cost associated with treating fish processing waste. Fish skin waste accounts for part of the solid waste generated from seafood processing. ![]()
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